Thermocouples measure temperature by measuring a voltage generated by the difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors that form an electrical junction. The voltage is generated as a result of the Seebeck effect, and is measurable to be interpreted into a temperature.
Thermocouples are:
Interchangeable, utilizing standard connectors
Measure a wide range of temperatures
Self-powered: no electricity or batteries required
Durable
Limited in accuracy
Different types of thermocouples utilize different metals, as different types are suited for different applications and temperature ranges.
